Theory of Boil-Off Calorimetry

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Abstract
The usual formulation used to compute heat flow in boil-off calorimetry ignores the sensible heating of the vapor in the calorimeter. A formulation which includes this heating is derived; a single temperature measurement (of the vapor leaving the calorimeter) permits this effect to be computed. As the required temperature measurement has not been given for reported experiments, the vapor heating effect cannot be computed directly for those cases. Therefore, an expression for the computation of this temperature is derived theoretically and applied to reported experiments. It is shown that, even in optimally designed calorimeters, the sensible heating of the vapor can be appreciable, and that the use of the usual formulation can introduce significant error in the computed heat flow. Finally, it is indicated how this error can explain, at least partially, the Heat Paradox which has been observed in insulation and Dewar evaluation tests.

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