Glass‐Forming Systems Involving GeO2 with Bi2O3, Ti2O, and PbO

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Abstract
The previously studied system GeO2‐Bi2O3‐TI2O was extended with the addition of PbO using air‐ and water‐quenched melted samples. Large areas of glass formation were found in the systems GeO2–Bi2O3–PbO and GeO2–PbO–Tl2O at all but the lowest GeO2 contents. Glasses were examined by powder X‐ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermomechanical analysis, and Archimedes’technique to obtain glass transition and crystallization exotherm temperatures, thermal expansion coefficients, and densities, which are presented in diagrams for the GeO2‐PbO binary and for the two ternary systems. Based on calculated values of λ0, the wavelength for zero material dispersion, compositions in this system may be useful for construction of ultralow‐loss optical waveguides in the μm region.

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