Hemoparasites of wading birds (Ciconiiformes) in Florida

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Abstract
Eight species of hemoparasites (Plasmodium relictum, Plasmodium elongatum, Plasmodium sp.indet., Haemoproteus plataleae, Haemoproteus herodiadis, Haemoproteus sp.indet., Leucocytozoon ardeae, and Trypanosoma avium) were found in thin blood films from 402 wading birds in Florida. Three of 11 ciconiiform species were infected, including the tricolored heron (Egretta tricolor), white ibis (Eudocimus albus), and two subspecies of Ardea herodias, the great blue heron (Ardea herodias herodias) and great white heron (Ardea herodias occidentalis). Representatives of each genus of hemoparasite except Leucocytozoon were recorded in nestlings, indicating that transmission occurred in Florida. Infections by L. ardeae were more common in northern Florida than in southern Florida. Species of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus were more commonly transmitted to nestling great blue herons in freshwater colony sites than in salt-water colony sites.

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