Monoester Formation by Hydrolysis of Dialkyl Phthalate Migrating from Polyvinyl Chloride Products in Human Saliva.

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Abstract
The migration dialkyl phthalate was tested in vol- unteers who chewed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) toy products under controlled conditions. The PVC toy samples consisted of ball A containing 100 and 185 mg/ g di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl ph- thalate (DEHP) respectively, and ball B, containing 256 mg/g diisononyl phthalate (DINP). The migration of dialkyl phthalate into simulated saliva was also tested in vitro by shaking toy samples. The migration rates of DBP, DEHP and DINP from balls A and B were 11.7, 44.4 and 78.0 µg/10 cm2/hr, respectively, in vivo, and 339, 315 and 535 µg/10 cm2/hr, respectively, in vitro. The presence of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) in saliva col- lected after chewing ball A was confirmed by GCMS- SIM. Human saliva which collected from volunteers incubated with DBP and DEHP at 37°C over 60 min, hydrolyzed these compounds to their monoesters.