Open Surgery Upon the Mitral Valve: Prevention of Air Embolus

Abstract
THE open approach to the mitral valve which employs extracorporeal circulation has been utilized at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital since 1956. Initially this approach was used only in the treatment of mitral insufficiency,1 later for selected cases of mitral stenosis and, recently,2 for direct replacement with the Starr-Edwards† mitral valve prosthesis.3,4

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