Actinomycin Biosynthesis by Protoplasts Derived from Streptomyces parvulus

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Abstract
Conditions are described for the formation of protoplasts from Streptomyces parvulus that are able to synthesize actinomycin D de novo. Antibiotic synthesis by protoplasts, in contrast to that by mycelium, was sensitive to inhibition by actinomycin D and to a decrease in sucrose concentration. On the other hand, synthesis by mycelium was much more sensitive to inhibition by amino acid analogs ( d -valine, cis -3-methylproline, and α-methyl- dl -tryptophan). In addition, the uptake of amino acids ( l -methionine, sarcosine, and l - and d -valine) by protoplasts was significantly lower than that by mycelium. The advantages and limitations of using protoplasts for studying in vivo actinomycin synthesis are discussed.