New subjects of the H-mode

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Abstract
Next-step devices and advanced tokamaks and stellarators are discussed. Improved wall conditioning allows the power threshold to decrease and H-mode operation under ohmic conditions occurs. Density-, helium exhaust-, and ELM control has been demonstrated for H-mode plasmas albeit in a rather rudimentary form. Schemes of enhanced edge radiation can be reconciled with the H-mode specific edge conditions. Modelling of the SOL with ELMs is being studied. There are several routes for further enhancement in confinement. As the stability quality can also be improved, prospects of advanced tokamak operation with a large bootstrap current fraction in the H-mode seems favourable. As the advanced stellarator concept addresses primarily collisional transport and stability aspects, this further improves its reactor prospects with the recently discovered H-mode in stellarators.

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