Principal Results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) Trial

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Abstract
The background and scientific rationale, inclusion and exclusion criteria, baseline characteristics, and early blood pressure control data regarding the participants for the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) Trial have been previously published.1,2 CONVINCE was planned in 1994 as a large, simple trial3 to assess the equivalence of controlled-onset extended-release (COER) verapamil and standard therapy in preventing cardiovascular disease–related events. It was also the first prospective study of the timing of acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular event–related death, and stroke—all of which have their highest incidence during the early morning hours (6 AM to noon).4,5 Planned mean follow-up was 5 years; however the trial was stopped 2 years early by the sponsor for commercial reasons.