Synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol by liver, adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa from obese and control patients

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Abstract
Biopsies of adipose tissue, liver and small bowel mucosa obtained from grossly obese and control subjects were used to study absolute rates of fatty acid, cholesterol and other nonsaponifiable lipid synthesis using glucose as substrate and 3H2O as the isotopic marker. Fatty acid synthesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue expressed on a cell basis was greater in obese than control subjects and was stimulated by a high concentration of insulin (1000 .mu.U[microunits]/ml) but not by a lower amount (100 .mu.U/ml). Fatty acid synthesis in omental adipose tissue exceeded by 3-fold that of subcutaneous fat. Fatty acid synthesis in obese liver was twice that of control liver and 20 times greater than obese adipose tissue. In terms of total organ activity, fatty acid synthesis in fat tissue equalled or exceeded that of liver in obese and control subjects. The cholesterol content of obese adipose tissue (1.86 .+-. 0.11 mg/g) exceeded that of controls (1.47 .+-. 0.07 mg/g). All tissue examined synthesized cholesterol and nonsaponifiable lipids: liver more than adipose tissue and adipose tissue more than small bowel mucosa. Nonsaponifiable lipid synthesis per gram of adipose tissue or liver was similar in obese and control tissues. The synthesis of total nonsaponifiable lipids including sterols, hydrocarbons and squalene was appreciable in adipose tissue and was .apprx. 15% of that of liver. Cholesterol synthesis in the liver expressed in terms of total organ activity was 50 times that in adipose tissue. The liver apparently is the dominant cholesterogenic organ in man, and adipose tissue is a significant site of formation of fatty acids and nonsaponifiable lipids.