Disk and Strip Forging for the Determination of Friction and Flow Strength Values

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Abstract
For forging operations, process parameters, such as workpiece geometry, forging load, and material properties of the deforming body, can all be measured by well-established techniques. Interface friction, however, is a far more elusive quantity, yet its significant role in determining forging forces and mode of material flow is well-recognized. Three new techniques are proposed to enable friction determination during forging. The first of these permits friction measurement over a small but finite increment of deformation; the second, removes the controversy over measuring geometry changes of a barreling surface and, therefore, provides for increase measurement accuracy; the third technique extends measurement to forging under plane strain conditions and introduces a new approach to the problem. The use of forging to measure flow stress and provide stress-strain data for the material being formed is discussed briefly.

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