Sound Production and Associated Behavior in the Jewel Fish, Hemichromis Bimaculat Us

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Abstract
Sound production and associated behavior of the jewel cichlid, Herlaiclarowis bimaculatus was investigated by presenting the subjects with dummies. Thump sounds are associated with a behavior called nodding and probably represent a relatively high level of aggression. Purring is closely associated with lateral display and tailbeating and occurs during the early stages of courtship and attack. The third sound consists of a series of low frequency pulses that are synchronized with the movement of courtship quivering. Individuals direct more behavior toward a dummy emitting thumps and purrs than to a silent one or to one producing pulses of white noise. This indicates that H. bimaculatus uses sound, either alone or in conjunction with other behaviors, for intraspecific communication.

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