Virus Sampling in Wastewater - Field Experiences

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Abstract
Membrane adsorption, chemical precipitation, and soluble alginate filtration methodologies have been combined in the development of a relatively simple yet sensitive procedure for detecting low concentrations of virus in wastewater. Techniques originally developed for sampling clean water were modified after initial attempts at wastewater sampling were unsuccessful. Each segment of the modified procedure has been repetitively tested in sampling various wastewater effluents seeded with Poliovirus 1. Virus recovery efficiency in each segment of the procedure is reported. Detection limits at each stage of sample processing are delineated. The procedure is being utilized in comparison of virus removal by various wastewater treatment systems. A major prerequisite of this study was the ability to detect low concentrations of both seeded and naturally occurring viruses in large volumes (20 gal to 100 gal) of treated wastewater.

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