Medical and industrial applications of high resolution ultrasound

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Abstract
High resolution ultrasound measurements at frequencies in excess of 5 MHz are now commonly employed in medical applications. In some cases, such as ophthalmology, ultrasound measurements at frequencies above 15 MHz are employed. Peripheral organs, such as skin and the arteries and veins of the digits, are amenable to ultrasound measurements at frequencies up to 40 or 50 MHz. Parallels exist in some industrial applications. For example, the integrity of thin wall steel tubing used in the nuclear industry can be assessed ultrasonically. There is continued pressure to obtain higher resolution for both the medical and industrial fields. The author reviews some of these techniques and applications and suggests new directions for developments in high resolution ultrasound.