RGB upconversion laser pumped by single IR pump

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Abstract
Using a cw Ti3+:sapphire laser operating near 800 nm, to pump Er:YLiF4 and EnBaY2F8 laser crystals, we have obtained laser oscillation from upper levels 4I13/2,4I11/2, 4I9/2, 4S3/2, 2H9/2,4G11/2, and 2P3/2 of the Er3+ ion. We will summarize the observations to date, covering 0. 47-2.7 µm. Five of the upper laser levels are above the pumped level and therefore must require that cooperative energy sharing processes be occurring or involve a sequential absorption of two, three, or more pump photons, or both. To our knowledge, the laser at 470 nm is the first blue laser to be excited with a single IR pump. Previous reports of blue operation have required either a pair of yellow pump photons or a combination of a visible and a near-IR pump to achieve a cascade absorption pumping pathway. An examination has been reported by Xie and Rand1 of the appearance of instabilities that occur under conditions of nonlinear coupling between the several state populations. It appears likely from our observations, that for many of the above systems, an accurate description of the laser behavior will need this complex nonlinear analysis.

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