Epidermal fine structure and development in the oncomiracidium larva of Entobdella soleae (Monogenea)

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Abstract
The development of the epidermis of the oncomiracidium larva of Entobdella soleae was studied in embryos dissected from the egg and processed for electron microscopy. At first (7- to 8-day embryos at 15 °C) the embryo is covered with a nucleated primary epidermis of flattened cells which are closely associated with the viteUine cells and may take up nutrients from them. This layer is either replaced by or develops into the secondary epidermis which consists of ciliated cellular regions joined by an apparently syncytial interciliary cytoplasmic layer. Both ciliated cells and interciliary cytoplasm are at first nucleated but later both lose their nuclei. There may be a turnover of ciliated epidermal cells at the surface of young embryos. Between days 16–20 a discontinuous presumptive adult epidermis appears beneath the ciliated cells which has connexions to cell bodies lying in the parenchyma. This layer, apparently fuses with the syncytial (?) interciliary regions which have by this time lost their nuclei. After shedding of the ciliated cells, the presumptive adult epidermis spreads out to form a continuous syncytial covering to the post-larva. The ciliated epidermal cells apparently lose their nuclei between days 20 and hatching. This may be associated with the ‘programmed life’ of the ciliated cells. Details of the food reserves and morphology of the ciliated cells are discussed in connexion with the energetics of these cells.