Pelvic peritoneoscopic exploration was performed in 60 patients. A description of the method used is detailed. Several groups are considered and the characteristic laparoscopic features reported. Among 9 adolescents with primary amenorrhea, 7 had hypoplasia or absence of the uterus, and 2 cases of polycystic ovaries were discovered. There were 11 patients with gonadal dysgenesis who were investigated: in 5 with 45 X/46 XX mosaic constitution the ovaries were of normal macroscopic appearance; in the other 6, typical streaks were found. In 3 patients of this group with secondary amenorrhea, laparoscopy confirmed the Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Twelve patients under 9 years of age with precocious puberty had normal pubertal ovaries; no tumor was discovered. Laparoscopy was used four times for the examination of the internal genitalia in cases of intersexuality. Miscellaneous indications are briefly considered and discussed. Laparoscopy appears to be a valuable and safe method of diagnosis even in very young children. The youngest patient in this series was a 6-month-old girl.