Electron holographic study of ferroelectric domain walls

Abstract
Electron holography performed in a transmission electron microscope, has been used to measure the width of 90° domain walls in tetragonal BaTiO3, and to determine the magnitude and distribution of the polarization across these walls. The walls are found to be between 15 and 25 Å in width. The polarization and its measured variation are in good agreement with other estimates. Fringe splitting has been observed in some holograms and it is suggested that this is due to the presence of charged oxygen vacancies on the walls.

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