RELATIONSHIP OF WATER TABLE AND Eh TO PROPERTIES OF THREE CLAY SOILS IN THE OTTAWA VALLEY

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Abstract
Properties of three clay soils of differing wetness were related to water table levels and redox conditions. High Eh values and low water table prevailed throughout 2 years at the Wendover site. The soil, an Orthic Acid Brown Forest, was weakly developed with a thin Ah horizon and a Bm horizon in which vermiculite apparently formed from mica. At the level Bearbrook site, the water table fluctuated between the surface and 8 ft, the solum varied in moisture from saturation to extreme dryness, and Eh values fluctuated between 800 mv and −150 mv. A thin but distinct Aeg horizon of low base saturation underlay the H horizon. A marked accumulation of free iron oxide occurred in the strongly mottled Bfg horizon. Clay mineralogy changed from largely vermiculite in the Aeg horizon to montmorillonite and illite in the underlying horizons of this Orthic Gleysol. The water table was usually within 2 ft of the surface at the Laplaine site. This Peaty Rego Gleysol had an H horizon underlaid by olive-gray clay in which properties changed little with depth. Horizon differentiation appeared to be favored by wide seasonal fluctuations in moisture status and redox potentials.

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