Utilization of Paraprofessionals in Special Education

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Abstract
In spite of a relative lack of evidence attesting to the efficacy of paraprofessionals in enhancing student outcomes, there has been a phenomenal growth in utilization of paraprofessionals in special education service delivery roles. A literature review indicated a need for additional information on this issue. Over the years the role of paraprofessionals has expanded to include increased use of these personnel for formal assessment, initial instruction, and home-school support, in addition to other activities that have, historically, been performed by teachers. This article includes a review of the efficacy literature, professional educators' attitudes toward use of paraprofessionals, and information available on training models for paraprofessionals, and serves as a foundation for future research on the utilization of paraprofessionals in special education programs.