Group In-Vivo Exposure Augmented by the Counselling of Significant Others in the Treatment of Agoraphobia

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Abstract
Various investigations into the relative effectiveness of different treatment procedures with agoraphobic patients (e.g. Emmelkamp, 1974; Emmelkamp and Wessels, 1975) have shown that in-vivo exposure is a common factor in successful aproaches. Emmelkamp (1974) has suggested that in-vivo exposure is the essential element of treatment which may eventually result in habituation. He has also demonstrated (Emmelkamp and Emmelkamp-Benner 1975) that group treatment can be just as effective as the same approach used individually, which has obvious implications for cost-efficiency.