Inverted hybrid organic light-emitting device with polyethylene dioxythiophene-polystyrene sulfonate as an anode buffer layer

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Abstract
In this study we demonstrate inverted organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) utilizing highly conductive polyethylene dioxythiophene–polystyrene sulfonate as a buffer layer to a radio-frequency sputter-deposited indium–tin–oxide as the anode. In comparison to an entirely small-molecule-based reference, a reduction in operation voltage of 8.4 V at superior efficiencies of 4.2 cd/A and 1 lm/W obtained at 1.000 cd/m 2 was achieved. The inverted cell configuration is desirable for next-generation active-matrix OLED displays.