Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Copa and Ylango Sesquiterpenoids: (−)-Copacamphene, (−)-Cyclocopacamphene, (+)-Sativene, (+)-Cyclosativene

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Abstract
Stereoselective total syntheses of the tricyclic sesquiterpenoids (−)-copacamphene (1) and (+)-sativene (3) and of the related tetracyclic compounds (−)-cyclocopacamphene (2) and (+)-cyclosativene (4) are described. An efficient four-step synthetic sequence was employed to convert the bicyclic dione 5 into the olefinic ketone 8. The latter compound was converted in four steps into the olefinic alcohol 23. Eliminative cyclization of the corresponding tosylate 25 gave (−)-copacamphene (1) in high yield. In similar fashion, (+)-sativene (3) was obtained by cyclization of the olefinic tosylate 42, which in turn was derived via a four-step synthetic sequence from the olefinic ketone 9. Oxidation of the olefinic alcohol 23 afforded the aldehyde 34. Conversion of the latter compound into the p-tosylhydrazone 35, followed by pyrolysis of the corresponding lithium salt 36, gave the pyrazoline 37. Photolysis of 37 afforded, in high yield, (−)-cyclocopacamphene (2). Similarly, (+)-cyclosativene (4) was obtained from the olefinic alcohol 41 via the pyrazoline 46.