Geranium dissectum : an Unreported Host of the Tobacco Budworm 1 and Bollworm and Its Role in Their Seasonal and Long Term Population Dynamics in the Delta of Mississippi 2

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Abstract
Geranium dissectum L., a previously unreported host of Heliothis spp., was found infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.) larvae in Washington Co., MS, in May 1965. Because of cultural practices, this adventive plant from Europe has spread from a limited distribution in 1965 to suitable niches throughout the Delta. Until 1969, H. zea was the predominant species on this host; since then, H. virescens has become predominant, and the long term (1965–77) population density of H. virescens has become progressively higher. The reversal in species predominance was probably due to H. virescens developing higher levels of resistance than H. zea to insecticides applied to cotton for control of Heliothis , but the long term increase in population density of H. virescens is probably due to increased abundance of G. dissectum . Calculated averages of 4208 H. zea and 12,735 H. virescens adults emerged per hectare of G. dissectum in Washington Co., MS, in 1978.

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