Dual-mode electrochromism switched by proton transfer: dynamic redox properties of bis(diarylmethylenium)-type dyes

Abstract
Upon oxidative dimerization of pale yellow Ar2CCHPh 1 (Ar = 4-Me2NC6H4), deep blue 1,4-dication 22+ was obtained as a stable salt, which was transformed into 1 by reductive C–C bond fission; deprotonation of 22+ gave intense yellow diene 3, which was interconvertible with violet dication 42+ by two-electron transfer, thus exhibiting two distinct modes of electrochromism before and after proton transfer.

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