Plasma C-reactive protein is not elevated in physically active postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy

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Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-related increases in C-reactive protein (CRP) would either be blunted or absent in postmenopausal women who regularly perform endurance exercise. Plasma CRP is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events in healthy men and women. Oral HRT increases plasma CRP concentrations in postmenopausal women. Regular aerobic exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and is associated with lower CRP concentrations in adults. To date, no study has evaluated the influence of habitual physical activity on the elevation of CRP associated with HRT. Plasma CRP concentrations were measured in 114 postmenopausal women: 39 physically active (endurance trained) and 75 sedentary postmenopausal subjects. Sixty-five women were users of HRT (22 physically active and 43 sedentary), and 49 were nonusers (17 physically active and 32 sedentary). CRP levels were ∼75% higher ( P < 0.01) in the sedentary users vs. nonusers of HRT (1.9 ± 1.8 vs. 1.1 ± 1.0 mg/l). In contrast, there was no difference in CRP levels between the physically active users and nonusers of HRT (0.6 ± 0.4 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 mg/l; P = 0.61). Regardless of HRT status, CRP concentrations were ∼65% lower in the physically active compared with sedentary women. In conclusion, physically active postmenopausal women exhibit lower plasma CRP concentrations compared with sedentary controls. Importantly, the HRT-related elevation in plasma CRP levels observed in sedentary women is absent in women who engage in regular endurance exercise. These data suggest that habitual physical activity may prevent the elevation in CRP concentrations due to HRT.