Abstract
The tyranny of the factory is as old as industrial capitalism itself. The aim of production techniques and the work organization they dictate has always been a double one. Labor must be made as productive as possible for the capitalist, and thus maximum output must be forced from the worker through the organization and the objective requirements of the means of production. The production process must be organized so that the worker experiences the coercion to maximum output as an unalterable requirement of the machine or an imperative inherent in matter itself. Inexorable and incontestable, this compulsion even seems to be one of the apparently neutral laws of a complex machine, beyond volition and dispute.

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