Fortran IV programs for the penultimate copolymerization model

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Abstract
Three programs have been written for calculations involving use of the penultimate copolymerization model. The first computes the penultimate reactivity ratios from composition‐conversion data, without constraints, at any conversion. A nonlinear leastsquares technique using Marquardt's algorithm is employed. The second program computes the four optimum starting monomer feed ratios,M10/M20which should be used by the experimenter from the penultimate reactivity ratios. These optimum feed ratios are obtained by choosing the conditions necessary to minimize the determinant of the variance‐covariance matrix. The input for the first program includes estimates of known values of the penultimate reactivity ratios. By using these two programs sequentially the experimenter has an optimized experimental approach toward evaluating penultimate reactivity ratios at any conversion. Finally, a program has been provided to calculate composition–conversion data, given penultimate reactivity ratios.