Interferon-gamma in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a randomized controlled multicentre trial

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Abstract
We report the results of a randomized controlled multicentre study on interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) treatment of systemic sclerosis as determined by skin sclerosis, renal and other organ involvement, global assessment, subjective symptoms and quality of life. Forty-four patients were enrolled into the trial, 27 in the treatment group and 17 in the control group. All patients presented with type I or type II scleroderma. Twenty-nine patients (64%) finished the study. The mean duration of Raynaud's phenomenon and skin sclerosis was 15.3 and 10.8 years, respectively. The skin scores tended to improve in the treatment group (P > 0.05). Mouth aperture increased significantly from 38.5 to 47.7 mm in the treatment group (P < 0.001). Subanalysis of IFN-γ treated patients with normalized skin sclerosis scores ≥1 showed significant improvement in both skin involvement and subjective symptoms (P < 0.05). Organ involvement improved in eight of 18 treatment patients and in three of 11 control patients. It worsened in three of 18 treatment patients and in four of 11 control patients. One control patient died due to cardiorespiratory failure during the study. No deterioration of renal function occurred during IFN-γ treatment. There was a significant improvement in quality of life parameters in the control group but not in the treatment group. Plasma levels of neopterin increased significantly during IFN-γ treatment but not in the control group, whereas N-terminal procollagen III peptide levels did not change in either group. There was a high frequency of mild to moderate influenza-like adverse events during IFN-γ treatment. Only four of nine drop-out patients, however, experienced symptoms most probably associated with IFN-γ treatment. We conclude that IFN-γ therapy has mild beneficial effects on skin sclerosis and disease-associated symptoms in type I and II scleroderma. IFN-γ treatment was associated with acceptable tolerability and did not induce major renal dysfunction in our patients.