Types, Tokens and Indicators
- 1 October 1990
- journal article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting
- Vol. 34 (12) , 885-889
- https://doi.org/10.1177/154193129003401214
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of latent human failures in the breakdown of complex, well-defended systems. It distinguishes between failure types and failure tokens, and argues that remedial measures must be directed at identifying failure types through the use of various proactive indicators. The paper concludes by considering the implications of this approach for the management of organizational safety.This publication has 4 references indexed in Scilit:
- Human ErrorPublished by Cambridge University Press (CUP) ,1990
- The contribution of latent human failures to the breakdown of complex systemsPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 1990
- LEADERS, RIVERBOAT GAMBLERS, OR PURPOSEFUL UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX, DANGEROUS TECHNOLOGIES.The Academy of Management Journal, 1988
- IMPLEMENTING EXTERNALLY INDUCED INNOVATIONS: A COMPARISON OF RULE-BOUND AND AUTONOMOUS APPROACHES.The Academy of Management Journal, 1988