Vaccination of Rainbow Trout against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) by Using Attenuated Mutants Selected by Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies

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Abstract
A neutralizing monoclonal antibody against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was used to select neutralization-resistant mutants from isolates of virus obtained from adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss returning to the Round Butte Hatchery (RB mutants) on the Deschutes River in Oregon, USA, and from rainbow trout (nonanadromous O. mykiss) at a commercial hatchery in the Hagerman Valley of Idaho, USA (193-110 mutants). Two of the mutants, RB-1 and 193-110-4, were significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated compared with parental strains. Vaccination of rainbow trout by waterborne exposure to the mutants conferred solid protection against challenge with wild-type virus. In some trials, fish vaccinated with the RB-1 mutant at 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of 1 × 104–1 × 105 TCID50/mL or with the 193-110-4 mutant at 1 × 102–1 × 103 TCID50/mL, held for 14 d, then challenged with the homologous wild-type strain at 1 × 105 TCID50/mL showed relative percent survival of 95–100% (P < 0...

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