Abstract
This is an essentially brief reply to Graham Vulliamy & John Shepherd who responded in the same issue to my article, Problems of a Sociological Approach to Pop Music in Schools (British Journal of Sociology in Education, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1984). It is shown that an explicit social referentialism still pervades the work of Vulliamy & Shepherd and that such a view inevitably leads to a negative account of how people from one culture may respond to the music of another. Objective categories of musical criteria are once again put forward to facilitate a more open theory of musical significance. Attention is drawn to the educational limitations of music when it strongly signals group identity, or moves towards anarchy.

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