Metal ion injection into metals III. Irradiation system and experimental techniques

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Abstract
An irradiation system is described which allows the homogeneous irradiation in an electromagnetic isotope separator of targets over a fixed area independent of the ion energy, while the ion current is measured continuously. The final aperature, defining the irradiation area, is situated directly in front of the target, electrically insulated from it, but at the same potential. Secondary electron suppression is achieved by a variable high positive potential on the target. This same potential also acts as a retarding potential, regulating the energy of the impinging ions. The use of atomic absorption and x-ray fluorescence to determine small amounts of trapped material is also described. The system and methods have facilitated an investigation of trapping and sputtering for metal ion-target combinations. The system is also convenient for producing isotopic targets for nuclear physics experiments.