Efficacy Comparison of Scopolamine (SCP) and Diazepam (DZ) Against Soman-Induced Lethality in Guinea Pigs

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Abstract
Diazepam (DZ) and scopolamine (SCP) are known to be beneficial when each is used in combination with atropine (AT) + oxime therapy against intoxication by soman, but the efficacy of each might be expected to vary with the dosage of AT. Thus the therapeutic efficacy of SCP (5 doses; 0-0.86 mg/kg) versus DZ (5 doses; 0-5 mg/kg), when used in conjunction with AT (3 doses; 0.5-8 mg/kg) + 2-PAM (25 mg/kg) therapy, was tested in groups of pyridostigmine pretreated guinea pigs exposed to 1.6, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.2 LD50s of soman. Response surface methodology was employed to describe the relationship between lethality and the AT/DZ or AT/SCP dosages. Results show that within the indicated dose ranges used, the efficacy of SCP is not dependent on the presence of AT, whereas AT is needed for DZ to maintain the lowest probability of death. These findings suggest that in guinea pigs SCP could supplement AT or replace DZ as therapy against nerve agent intoxication.