Nonequilibrium phase transition to a time-dependent probability density for a model of charge-density waves

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Abstract
A nonequilibrium phase transition to a stable time-periodic one-particle probability density is found in a modified Fukuyama-Lee model of charge-density waves. The classical single-phase model of Grüner, Zawadowski, and Chaikin is derived in the zero-temperature limit as the equation for the order parameter of this transition. Two-time correlations are given as functionals of the order parameter. These results raise the question of the existence of stable nonequilibrium probability densities in other models. Stable time-dependent densities are shown to exist for replicas of general dynamical systems having a stable time-dependent attractor in the zero-noise limit. This is so if the replicas are coupled via a mean-field interaction and the thermodynamic limit is taken.