Effects of Varying the Processing Temperatures upon the Nutritive Values for Sheep of Solvent-Extracted Soybean and Cottonseed Meals

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Abstract
A digestibility and nitrogen retention trial involving 54 wether lambs was conducted to determine the effects of three heat treatments upon the utilization of cottonseed and soybean meals. One of the cottonseed meals was extracted with a mixture of acetone, hexane and water (azeotrope) and contained a low level of total and bound gossypol while the soybean meal and the other cottonseed meal were produced by extracting with cold hexane with no heat being applied during processing. Each of the above products was then subjected to different heat treatments: (1) no heat, (2) autoclaved under 15 lb. steam pressure per square in. at 250° F. for 45 min. and (3) autoclaved under the same conditions for 90 min. The effect of increased times of autoclaving did not differ from linearity when fecal nitrogen loss (increased), urinary nitrogen loss (decreased), and nitrogen retention (increased) were considered. Autoclaving reduced ruminal ammonia levels and plasma non-protein nitrogen levels. When either the cold hexane-extracted cottonseed meal or soybean meal was included in semi-purified and isonitrogenous diets and fed to growing lambs, it was found that autoclaving for 45 min. as compared to no heat greatly improved gains and feed efficiencies. Results of a growth test with growing rats supported the idea that the processing of cottonseed meal for optimum nutritive value for non-ruminants should be different from that with ruminants.

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