Osteophytosis of the knee: anatomic, radiologic, and pathologic investigation.

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Abstract
Although the radiologic manifestations of degenerative disease of the knee have been investigated, the distribution of marginal and central osteophytes has not been defined. This study included (a) 50 consecutive patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in whom routine and specialized projections were obtained prospectively, (b) 25 patients with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease whose knee radiographs were retrospectively reviewed, and (c) four cadaveric knees that were dissected to assess pertinent anatomy. In this study the importance of the tunnel view in the evaluation of osteoarthritis and CPPD crystal deposition disease is demonstrated, the distribution of and the relationship between marginal and central osteophytes are discussed, and two new radiologic signs are described. As both marginal and central osteophytes may simulate intraarticular bodies, the recognition of these outgrowths is of clinical importance.