MODIFICATION OF THE RATE OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION BY CHANGES IN OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENT OSMOTIC PRESSURE

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Abstract
In tap water the rate of oxygen consumption of Planaria dorotocephala is independent of the oxygen concentration of the water between 3.53 cc. and 13.84 cc. per liter. In so far as the methods coincide, this confirms the results of Hyman (1929). In Ringer's solution after four hours' exposure Planaria lose approximately 16 per cent of their total weight, or approximately 20 per cent of their total water content. In Ringer's the rate of oxygen consumption is sharply dependent on the oxygen concentration of the solution between 3.79 cc. and approximately 14 cc. per liter. Above this concentration the rate of oxygen consumption tends to become constant. In distilled water the animals imbibe water; irregular data indicate that during the first four or five hours of exposure the weight increases on the average 15 per cent, which represents an increase in water content of approximately 11 per cent. The rate of oxygen consumption in distilled water is lower than normal and constant in oxygen concentrations between 2.65 cc. and 5.35 cc. per liter. Above this concentration the rate of oxygen consumption increases as the oxygen tension increases, rising above the normal at approximately 9 cc. per liter, and continues to increase as the oxygen concentration increases, up to 15 cc. per liter, the maximum employed. Planaria dorotocephala contain approximately 78 per cent free water, as shown by weight loss on desiccation over sulphuric acid. The facts indicate that two conditions may be involved in the regulation of the rate of oxygen utilization in relation to oxygen tension in natural water: Concentration of water within the organism, thus controlling the concentration of the oxidative enzymes; boundary regulation of the admission of oxygen. In this animal, size (surface-volume) and the degree of development of its circulatory and respiratory mechanisms do not appear to be important. In abnormally high oxygen tensions in distilled water the rate of oxygen consumption is higher and the rate of disintegration is lower than in distilled water with oxygen tension at saturation at 20°.