Sexual selection in toads (Bufo americanus)

Abstract
The breeding behavior of the American toad, Bufo americanus, in southern Ontario, is described. The hypothesis is presented that the male vocalization, that call normally given by mature males at the spawning site, can function, not only as a premating isolating mechanism, but as a means for sexual selection by breeding toads. Descriptive and experimental evidence is given to support the hypothesis.

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