Regulation of Nerve Growth Mediated by Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors in Growth Cones

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Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) receptor (IP 3 R) acts as a Ca 2+ release channel on internal Ca 2+ stores. Type 1 IP 3 R (IP 3 R1) is enriched in growth cones of neurons in chick dorsal root ganglia. Depletion of internal Ca 2+ stores and inhibition of IP 3 signaling with drugs inhibited neurite extension. Microinjection of heparin, a competitive IP 3 R blocker, induced neurite retraction. Acute localized loss of function of IP 3 R1 in the growth cone induced by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation resulted in growth arrest and neurite retraction. IP 3 -induced Ca 2+ release in growth cones appears to have a crucial role in control of nerve growth.