Influence of No-Tillage-Cropping, Carbofuran, and Hybrid Resistance on Dynamics of Maize Chlorotic Dwarf and Maize Dwarf Mosaic Diseases of Corn1

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Abstract
Yield loss from maize chlorotic dwarf (MCD) infection was not significantly increased in a no-tillage compared to a conventional tillage corn cropping system despite the higher incidence of johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Per. (a reservoir of the virus) and greater leafhopper populations in no-tillage. Incidence of maize dwarf mosaic (MDM) may have been increased in no-tillage. The predominant role of the blackfaced leafhopper, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes), as a vector of MCD was demonstrated by its strong correlation with the disease in the various experimental systems. G. nigrifrons populations were reduced by carbofuran, and this was highly correlated with reduction of MCD and improved yield. Hybrid resistance to MCD was important for optimum yield, however, carbofuran increased the yield of a susceptible hybrid to untreated levels of resistant hybrids. Lesion nematodes, Pralylenchus zeae Graham, and spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus spp., were reduced somewhat in carbofuran treatments, but populations were not influenced by hybrids or methods of tillage.

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