Psychological changes over a five year period following bilateral prefrontal lobotomy.

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Abstract
The present paper completes a program of lobotomy research based upon periodic psychological testing over a five-year postoperative period. Forty measures of functioning efficiency at the fifth year are presented together with similar measures obtained at two weeks, three months, one year, and three years postoperatively. The results of the latter testing periods have been discussed in detail in previous publications." Among the conclusions were the following: "Although both the control group and the experimental group continued to show gains on the measures of functioning efficiency up to the third year, both groups stabilized between the third and the fifth year. There was essentially no net change between the third and the fifth year" and "the lobotomy group was generally superior to its preoperative level and to the control group after five years, i.e., it was able to maintain its gains.".

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