Fructose-1,6-biphosphate in rat intestinal preconditioning: involvement of nitric oxide

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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS—Inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by nitric oxide (NO) in intestinal preconditioning could modify the rate of formation of glycolytic intermediates. Fructose-1,6-biphosphate (F16BP) is a glycolytic intermediate that protects tissue from ischaemia/reperfusion injury. We evaluated if F16BP may be endogenously accumulated as a consequence of GAPDH inhibition by NO during intestinal preconditioning in rats. METHODS—We assessed: (1) effect of preconditioning on F16BP content; (2) effect of NO on GAPDH activity before and during sustained ischaemia; and (3) protective effect of F16BP in control, ischaemic, and preconditioned animals with or without administration of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), NO donor, or F16BP. RESULTS—Preconditioned rats showed a significant transient decrease in GAPDH activity and also maintained basal F16BP levels longer than ischaemic rats. L-NAME administration to preconditioned rats reversed these effects. F16BP administration to ischaemic rats decreased protein release in the perfusate. Administration of F16BP to L-NAME treated rats attenuated the harmful effect of L-NAME. CONCLUSIONS—Our study indicates that F16BP may be endogenously accumulated in preconditioned rats as a consequence of inhibition of GAPDH by NO, and this may contribute to the protection observed in intestinal preconditioning. Keywords: fructose-1,6-biphosphate; glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; intestinal preconditioning; ischaemia/reperfusion injury; nitric oxide

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