Association of Pre- and Postoperative Plasma Levels of Transforming Growth Factor β1 and Interleukin 6 and Its Soluble Receptor with Prostate Cancer Progression
Open Access
- 15 March 2004
- journal article
- Published by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Clinical Cancer Research
- Vol. 10 (6) , 1992-1999
- https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0768-03
Abstract
Purpose: We have shown that preoperative plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 6 (IL)-6, and its receptor (IL-6sR) are associated with prostate cancer progression and metastasis. The objectives of this study were to confirm these findings and to examine the association of changes in plasma levels of these markers after surgery with disease progression in a large consecutive cohort of patients. Experimental Design: Plasma levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-6sR were measured pre- and postoperatively (6–8 weeks after surgery) in 302 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. Results: Pre- and postoperative levels of TGF-β1 were significantly elevated in patients with extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, and metastases to lymph nodes. In contrast, preoperative levels of IL-6 and IL-6sR, but not postoperative levels, were significantly associated with tumor volume, prostatectomy Gleason sum, and metastases to lymph nodes. In a postoperative model that included pre- and postoperative TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-6sR and standard postoperative parameters, postoperative TGF-β1 and prostatectomy Gleason sum were significant predictors of overall and aggressive disease progression. Although, for all patients, plasma levels of all three markers declined significantly after prostate removal, for patients that experienced disease progression, only IL-6 and IL-6sR levels decreased significantly. Conclusions: For patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, preoperative plasma levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6sR are associated with metastases to regional lymph nodes, presumed occult metastases at the time of primary treatment, and disease progression. After prostate removal, postoperative TGF-β1 level increases in value over preoperative levels for the prediction of disease progression.Keywords
This publication has 42 references indexed in Scilit:
- Association of Preoperative Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins-2 and -3 With Prostate Cancer Invasion, Progression, and MetastasisJournal of Clinical Oncology, 2002
- Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Cell Growth through Activation of the Interleukin-6/GP130/STAT-3 Signaling PathwayBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2002
- PREOPERATIVE SERUM PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVELS BETWEEN 2 AND 22 NG./ML. CORRELATE POORLY WITH POST-RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY CANCER MORPHOLOGY: PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN CURE RATES APPEAR CONSTANT BETWEEN 2 AND 9 NG./ML.Journal of Urology, 2002
- Interleukin-6 Is an Autocrine Growth Factor in Human Prostate CancerThe American Journal of Pathology, 2001
- PREOPERATIVE SERUM PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN DOES NOT REFLECT BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE RATES AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY IN MEN WITH LARGE VOLUME CANCERSJournal of Urology, 2000
- Roles of STAT3 in mediating the cell growth, differentiation and survival signals relayed through the IL-6 family of cytokine receptorsOncogene, 2000
- Plasma transforming growth factor-?1 level before radiotherapy correlates with long term outcome of patients with lung carcinomaCancer, 1999
- Interleukin 6 and its Receptor: Ten Years LaterInternational Reviews of Immunology, 1998
- Combination of prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and Gleason score to predict pathological stage of localized prostate cancer. A multi-institutional updatePublished by American Medical Association (AMA) ,1997
- Observations on the doubling time of prostate cancer.The use of serial prostate-specific antigen in patients with untreated disease as a measure of increasing cancer volumeCancer, 1993