Dengue

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Abstract
Dengue fever has been known clinically for over 200 years, 1 but the etiology of the disease was not discovered until 1944. The first dengue viruses were isolated from soldiers who became ill in Calcutta, India, New Guinea, and Hawaii. 2 The viruses from India, Hawaii, and one strain from New Guinea were antigenically similar, whereas three other strains from New Guinea appeared to be different. They were called dengue 1 (DEN-1) and dengue 2 (DEN-2) and designated as prototype viruses (DEN-1, Hawaii and DEN-2, New Guinea-C). 2 Two more serotypes — dengue 3 (DEN-3) and dengue 4 (DEN-4) — were subsequently isolated from patients with a hemorrhagic disease during an epidemic in Manila in 1956. 3 Although many dengue viruses have been isolated from different parts of the world since that time, all have fit antigenically into the four-serotype classification. They are closely related antigenically to other flaviviruses and ecologically to some flaviviruses (e.g., yellow fever) and togaviruses (e.g., chikungunya). 45

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