On the feeding process in the White Amur, Ctenopharyngodon idella

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Abstract
The White Amur or Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val. is almost exclusively herbivorous, feeding chiefly on macrophyte material. The pharyngeal teeth are described, and their effect on the ingested food material. The distribution of the digestive enzymes along the gut suggests that most amylase and protease is in the mid‐gut, and lipase in the anterior gut. The gut is short for a herbivore, and food passes through in less than eight hours at 28°c to 30°C. Digestion is incomplete, and about half the food material is passed out as faeces which can support, directly or indirectly, a large biomass of other species of fish.

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