Electrical Behavior of Barium Titanatge Single Crystals at Low Temperatures

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Abstract
Barium titanate single crystals have electrical characteristics in the orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases which are similar to those observed in the tetragonal region. At a phase transition the coercivity, determined from 60 cps hysteresis loops, decreases sharply from its value at temperatures above the transition. Correspondingly, the polarization reversal time and the spontaneous polarization decrease discontinuously from the values above the transition. All of these phenomena are accompanied by thermal hysteresis. A plot of the dielectric constant as a function of switching time is a straight-line relation and supports the theory of a relaxation-type mechanism for polarization reversal.