Passive gyrotron cavity loading and frequency shift

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Abstract
Measurements of change in Q and frequency shift are presented for the penultimate cavity in a 3-cavity gyroklystron under conditions where the cavity does not oscillate. This allowed detailed comparisons to be made with linearized theory, over a wide range of beam currents and DC magnetic fields. The theory was formulated to take into account the effects of cut-off beam tunnels on the effective length of the cavity, the geometrical beam filling factor, the effect of a spread in beam pitch angle, and the effect of the cavity RF magnetic fields. Best fits between the data and the theoretical curves for change in Q and frequency shift were obtained for beam values in good agreement with those predicted from a modified Herrmannsfeldt code. Calculations of oscillation starting currents for TE01, TE011, TE012, and TE rectangular013 cavities as a function of the cavity detuning parameter show that serious errors can occur if one neglects the cavity RF magnetic fields.

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