Major Urinary Protein as a Negative Tumor Marker in Mouse Hepatocarcinogenesis

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Abstract
A cDNA clone isolated by differential screening of a mouse liver cDNA library using RNA probes from normal adult liver and from hepatocellular tumors showed, on northern blot analysis, a single transcript of 1 kb present at high levels in normal adult mouse liver but at 15‐ to 100‐fold reduced levels in spontaneous and p‐dimethylaminoazobenzene‐ or urethan‐induced liver tumors. The transcript, which was absent in two‐wk‐old mouse liver, is coded by a developmentally regulated gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolated clone encoded a major urinary protein (MUP). Immunocytochemistry analysis, using a goat antibody to MUP on histologic liver sections containing diethylnitrosamine‐induced liver nodules, showed that the decrease in MUP levels also occurred in microscopic nodules. Therefore, MUP decrease represents an early event in the development of mouse liver tumors, and it may be used as a tumor marker in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis.