Interactions of Nonaqueous Solvents with Textile Fibers

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Abstract
An investigation of the effects of prior heat treatments on the stabilization of the polyester structure towards subsequent treatments with dimethylformamide (DMF) has been carried out. The results indicate that a DMF treatment at 140°C can overcome changes in the polyester structure produced by prior heat treatment up to a temperature of about 180°C. Void formation and accompanying high dye uptake under atmospheric dyeing conditions are observed. Heat treatments around 200°C, however, stabilize the fiber structure, and subsequent solvent treatments do not produce irreversible swelling and void formation. A further increase in the heat-treatment temperature again permits void formation and high dye-uptake values to occur. A close correlation between dyeability and void volume calculated from density data is observed. A DMF treatment of a false-twist-set textured yarn leads to void formation and high dyeability, even though the heater temperatures used in the texturing process are near the critical temperature range at which stabilization to sub sequent solvent treatments has been observed. Evidence is presented suggesting that the yarns do not actually experience the temperature of the heaters but rather a significantly lower temperature.