Liquid system scale up ofCarica papayaL. somatic embryogenesis

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Abstract
Summary Carica papaya L. embryogenie calli cultured in a liquid phase maturation medium resulted in a significantly higher frequency of somatic embryogenesis (SE) and regeneration than parallel treatments on agar-solidified medium. An average of 455 somatic embryos per hypocotyl expiant were produced in a liquid system after 112 d as compared with 174 SE per expiant on solidified medium. Superior early-stage SE were produced in maturation medium with 6% sucrose, as compared with treatments with only 3% sucrose, as evidenced by a higher successful germination rate of embryos into plantlets. Medium containing 0.5 μM abscisic acid (ABA) in the maturation phase increased average embryo size from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm. Somatic embryos developed into normal papaya plantlets.

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